Answer The Call Everyday!!

When Nature Calls.. ..

xxxxxxxAnswering the call of nature means to respond the call from basic nature. It simply means involving the needs of using toilet, or, going to the restroom.

xxxxxxxHuman Feces, Aka stools, is the waste removed from the human digestive system expelled through the anus during defecation. It differs from size, shape, colour and odour depending on your digestive system situation, at the same time influenced by diet and health condition.

xxxxxxxWell… this topic is quite.. Perhaps it may disgust you. But from the point of my view, I feel that our body health condition can be determined or predicted from our most basic “habit”. So, I hope you enjoy the post and learn something beneficial!!

Bristol Stool Chart

xxxxxxxThe Bristol Stool Chart or Bristol Stool Scale is a health check aid designed to categorized the type of human feces. The shape of the stool depends on the duration stayed in the colon.

Type 1 and 2 signifying constipation.
Type 3 and 4 are the beeeest Stools to pass.
Type 5, 6 and 7 consists of the symtoms toward diarrhea or urgency!! BEWARE!!

>> This stool is categoried under Type 6 in the Bristol Stool Chart

>>Looks very fibrous, so should be categorized under Type 5 in the Bristol Stool Chart

According to a JAPAN feces specialist .. ..

3cm in diameter in golden yellow. (you can still see some residue on it) ^^

Healthy feces are usually

• 3 cm in diameter, in golden yellow
• Soft but not too soft like a mud
• Moderate odour
• The feces should contain 75% of water content with 25% of solid matter
• Should be floating on the water.
• The pressure is less during defecation, means tat you will answer the “call” easily without pressing too hard on it. (no GEK SAI)

In term of hardness:
• Soft and in a complete form.
• Cylindrical, modest in size and a feel of shiny texture.

So if you’re not rushing in time, try to observe your stool, concern about it and understand your body health!! ^^

Colouring Time!!

Yellow
xxx• Giardiasis, caused by the infection of the small intestine by a single-celled organism called Giardia lamblia. If Giardia infects the intestines it can cause severe yellow diarrhea.

Giardia lamblia

xxx• Another cause of yellowing is Gilbert's Syndrome. It is a deficiency in the liver where red blood cells are broken down. People with Gilbert's Syndrome do not produce as many blood cells as normal people. Therefore, their poop will be appeared in pale yellow due to the low quantity of discarded red blood cell matter. This condition is characterized by jaundice occurs when too much bilirubin is present.

Gilbert's Syndrome

Bilirubin

xxx• A more serious problem is yellow stool resulting from malabsorption. When your body does not absorb fats properly from the food you ingest, the excess fat are removed into your stool, giving yellowish stool.

Saturated and unsaturated fatty acid

Black

xxx• Melena, where the blood in the intestines is long enough to be broken down by digestive enzymes. Normally, this is due bleeding in the upper digestive tract, such as from a bleeding peptic ulcer which normally found in gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus super painful.

Feces of Melena

xxx• Iron deficiency anemia, where blood lost within the body and it may show up in your stools, hence producing black or bloody stools.

xxx• Hematochezia indicates the large intestine is bleeding somewhere. The most common causes are inflamed pouches of the colon. Excessive and frequent consumption of alcohol can also cause abnormalities of blood circulation throughout the body.

Feces of Hematochezia

Green

xxx• Diet rich in leafy green vegetables, or consume large quantities of food coloring.
xxx• Excess iron (II) salts in the diet when the body does not absorb the iron thoroughly. If digestion is malfunction by illness, bilirubin will be less concentrated and the green color may become more obvious. This can happen when a person is afflicted with diarrhea.

Why are bird’s feces not in brown colour??

xxxxxxBecause birds are not mammals!!! They don’t urinate!! Instead of excreting it as urea dissolved in urine as homo sapien do, they expel it in the form of uric acid. Uric acid appears in form of white paste because it has very low water solubility.
So you will always saw bird’s feces stick on car’s windscreen in white colour paste.

Why does poop stink?

1. Poop stinks as a result of the products of bacterial action. Bacteria produce smelly, sulfur- or nitrogen-rich organic compounds such as indole, skatole, and mercaptans, as well as inorganic gas hydrogen sulfide, H2S as well.

2. Foods ingested with heavy spices may adding to the odor of feces because unable to digest. Vegetarian diets produce feces with less odor compare to those who consumed a lot of meats. Therefore, the odor of feces produced by carnivores such as lions tends to be much stronger than those produced by herbivores such as horses.

indole

skatole

How 2 Make Poo poo Smell Better??

Spray Perfume or Colongne!!!

• Reduced fast food intake and snaks!!
• Eating healthy , natural foods will reduce stool odor.
• increase the amount of fiber in your diet. Fiber cuts down on stool odor, by minimizing constipation.
• Drinking more water helps a lot,
• Minimize the amount of animal fat you consume. Animal fat leads to the production of sulphorous gas in your intestines.
• Eat more yogurt and buttermilk. These foods decrease odor production by introducing healthy bacteria into your digestive system .
• Consider adding supplements to your diet. Look for tablets containing chlorophyll or Beano.

Chlorophyll Drink

Why baby’s early Poo in Green??OMG!!

xxxxxxxMeconium is a thick, green, tar like substance that lines your baby's intestines during pregnancy. Typically this substance is not release in your baby's bowel movements until after birth.

xxxxxxxMeconium is the earliest stools of an infant. Meconium is consists of products ingested during the duration spend in the uterus which are intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water.

xxxxxxxDuring pregnancy the baby floats in the amniotic fluid within the uterus. This fluid protects the baby while he or she grows and develops. The baby swallows the amniotic fluid which contains all the other constituents mentioned above.

xxxxxxxTherefore, all of the contents other than the amniotic fluid are filtered out and remain behind in the intestine until MECOMNIUM!! ^^

SO CUTE!!!! LOOK AT HIS EYES!!!

AFTER seeing this… not cute liaooooo

WARNING!!!!

Shoes's Mark on the toilet bowl...

xxxxxxxNO NO NO!!!! Don’t ever squat on the toilet bowl. There are many cases of squatting on the toilet bowl and unfortunately it broke, so… (Use your imagination)

xxxxxxxI know, you may think of you bum’s hygient purposes, but these toilet bowls are not designed to support concentrated weight!!

xxxxxxxThere are still many alternatives to prevent sitting on the dirty surface directly. I myself will always take sufficient toilet paper and place on the surface to be sitted. Else, you may also use water to rinse the mouth of the toilet bowl.

REMEMBER!! NEVER EVER SQUAT on the toilet bowl!!! FOR YOUR OWN SAKE!!

Else, BEAR THE CONSEQUENCES yourself!!!

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

V

TOIELT INCIDENT!! DO NOT SQUAT ON THE TOILET BOWL!!!

Lastly…

xxxxxxxWould you dare to try Food made of the shape of Stool?? Even the colour is super similar?? Well… There’s no harm trying New things Right?? ENJOY!! ^^

Stool Bread!!

Stool shape Ice cream!! Yummy!!

Issac Newton!

My Loyal FRIEND – APPLE!!

Apple and the gravity!! NEWTON!!

xxxxxxxWhen we think of Isaac Newton, we will think of him sitting under an apple tree and suddenly an apple fall to the ground. When he saw the apple fall, Newton began to think about why apple will fall down but not going up to the sky. He understood that an object with more mass exerted the greater force, or pulled smaller object toward it. That meant that the large mass of the earth pulled objects toward it. That is why the apple fell down instead of up, and why people don’t float on the earth!! YES!!

P/S: It reminds me of Physics Newton 1st law, 2nd law and 3rd law!! Duhhhh..

Why Larynx is known as Adam’s appls??

xxxxxxxIt came after the story of the Garden of Eden where Adam ate a piece of the forbidden fruit and got stuck in his throat!! And that is why boys have larger Adam’s apple. An Adam's apple sometimes looks like a small, rounded apple just under the skin in the front of the throat.

Fight Fight Fight！！

xxxxxxxApples are high in vitamin C and are high in soluble fiber. Pectin, natural therapeutic ingredient found in the rind and the pulp Pectin aids in detoxification by supplying the 'galacturonic acid' needed to get rid of certain destructive substances. It also helps to prevent decomposition of protein matter in the alimentary canal. Pectin contain soluble fibre will absorbs water in the colon enabling to solve constipation problem. It keeps your stool soft and prevents them from getting hard. Also pectin fiber can lower your cholesterol levels. It has the ability to trap cholesterol in its gummy consistency and rout it out of your body.

xxxxxxxTry this out!! Raw apple every morning!! No heavy food like egg, bacon, Nasi lemak, or cereal until lunch time, you may have a better chance of clearing your constipation. Guess I should try it out myself too as I have “unable-to-bangsai” problem sometimes!! ^^


CAUTIONS!!

xxxxx• Apples should not be consumed on empty stomach as it may lead to indigestion.
xxxxx• Washand clean before consumption because fruits are often sprayed with poisonous chemical to maintain its life span. SO REMEMBER to clean thouroughly before you take a Bite on it!!

WHY FRESH CUT APPLES TURN BROWN??

xxxxxxxYou have probably noticed that fresh apples and other fruits such as bananas, potatoes, and pears turn brown after they have been cut or bruised. WHY? MAGIC?? NATURE?? Or FUNGI??

xxxxxxxDon’t be ridiculous liao!! Of course is due to the chemical reaction of Oxidation!! Apples contain an enzyme known as tyrosinase which will react with oxygen and iron-containing phenols that are also found in the apple. The oxidation reaction essentially forms kind of like “rust” on the surface of the apple. We Homo-sapien contain uncountable cells and tissues. So does apple which contain million of cells. The process of browning when cut due to the damaging of cells allowing oxygen in the air to react with the enzyme and other chemicals.

xxxxxxxIn Homo-Sapien, tyrosinase is a crucial factor such that it helps to create melanin, which causes tanning. The lack of tyrosinase in humans leads to albinism like many Australians have. So in Homo-sapien, tanning is actually a good thing. I always had troubles with skin tan when I exposed to UV RAY!! Guys, always look at the bright side!!

Tanned or ALBINISM??

JessicaAlba

VS

the albino Gorilla

How to keep apples from turning brown?

Eat your apples quickly...before they have time to go brown!

•Denature the enzyme with heat
xxxx–cooking-
•Reducing the pH on the surface of the fruit
xxxx-add lemon juice-
•Reducing the amount of available oxygen
xxxx-place cut fruit under water-
•Adding certain preservative chemicals
xxxx-like sulfur dioxide-

HELP!! Wax Coating!!

xxxxxxxWax holds water in fruits as well as moisturizing the skin so that it looks fresh and attractive. Wax on the surface of fruit protects against bruising, mold, and extends the life span of. Apples for example have the natural waxes; however get washed off during processing.

xxxxxxxOne of the example waxes is carnauba extract from the leaves of palm trees. It is a superior natural wax emulsion with a high gloss, long shelf life and superior drying characteristics.

xxxxxxxWaxes are fats. They are big enough that they slide directly through our digestive tract without absorbing them. Food toxicologists have carried out waxes experiment on rats, so far found no effect on metabolism or cancer risk, even when they are eating 10% of their diet from waxes.

xxxxxxxWax is used for a preservation purpose and then cold stored. It is just another option for supermarket to ship their goods over a long distance. About one to two drops of natural wax is only added to each apple. Surprisingly, one pound of the wax used can actually cover up to 160,000 pieces of fruit!!

xxxxxxxFood industry spokes persons declared that the wax is safe to be consumed. These coatings are not harmful, but for your own sake, just rinse your apples with soap and water or with vinegar before you give a bite on it.

Apple VS Antioxidant!!

"An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” The fact is most Malaysians hardly eat an apple a week.

xxxxxxxAntioxidants play an important role of lower down our risk of heart disease and cancer. They're also frequently discussed in relation to vitamins C and E, and perhaps other plant compounds such as beta-carotene.

xxxxxxxThe antioxidant of flavonoids is one reason that apples are again in the limelight. An apple has about 6 milligrams of vitamin C. But scientists have shown that the antioxidant power of an apple is equal to more than 1,500 milligrams of vitamin C. The enormous of its antioxidants come from flavonoids.

Flavanoid

xxxxxxxxAnother major antioxidant components content in apples are polyphenols contained mainly in the skin known as quercetin glycoside, phloretin glycoside, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin. A polyphenol antioxidant is a type of antioxidant containing a polyphenolic substructure. In human health these compounds, numbering over 4,000 distinct species, are thought to be instrumental in combating oxidative stress, a process associated with some neurodegenerative diseases and some cardiovascular diseases.

Polyphenols

Apple seeds are poisonous!! Believe it or not??

xxxxxxxApple seeds contain The seeds are mildly poisonous, containing a small amount of amygdalin, glycoside and cyanogenic but not up to the level of killing humans yet. They contain cyanide but locked in a harmless form.

xxxxxxxChewing the seeds is much more hazardous to your health. Children and pets are most likely tto suffer from poisoning from eating the seeds compare to human adult.

xxxxxxxSymptoms of mild poisoning include headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, and vomiting.

xxxxxxxSymptoms of large doses can lead to difficulty breathing, increased blood pressure and heart rate, and kidney failure.

xxxxxxxDon’t worry, eat one or two is okay la. No worry no worry!!

Bulldog said: “Do you know that apple seeds can be toxic??”

Last but not least..

APPLE IS GOOD FOR US!!!

JUST EAT IT!!.......(sound like “ just do it” from NIKE) ^^

DOM DOM..

C For Colourful!!

C For Condom!!

Brief History
xxxxxxxCondom has a 400 years history since 19th century. Early

condoms were made of linen or pig or sheep's gut, tied at the end with ribbon. After sex, they were rinsed out and reused!

xxxxxxxA most widely used device during sexual intercourse to reduce the risk of pregnancy and spreading sexually transmitted(STD) diseases such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV.

Reasons to use Condoms!!
1. Condoms are the only contraceptive that help prevent both pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (including HIV) when used properly and consistently.
2. Condoms are one of the most reliable methods of birth control when use properly and consistently.
3. Condoms have none of the medical side-effects of some other birth control methods may have.
4. Condoms are available in various shapes, colours, flavours, textures and sizes.
5. Condoms are widely available in pharmacies, supermarkets and convenience stores. You don't need a prescription or have to visit a doctor.
6. Condoms are user friendly. With a little practice, they can also add confidence.


Condom is made of.. .. …??

xxxxxxxCondom usually made of latex or polyurethane which is slightly more
reliable and easily purchased in most places for example pharmacy, 7-11 and petrol station.

xxxxxxxLatex is the milky sap of the rubber plants that coagulates when exposure to the air. Latex has outstanding elastic properties which may be stretched in excess of 800% before breaking.

Latex from rubber tree

xxxxxxxPolyurethanes are in the class reaction polymers. A urethane linkage is produced by reacting an isocyanate group, -N=C=O with a hydroxyl group, -OH. Polyurethanes are produced by the polyaddition reaction of a polyisocyanate with a polyalcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Polyurethane can be made in a variety of textures and hardnesses by varying the particular monomers used and adding other substances.

Polyurethanes

xxxxxxxPolyurethanes can be considered better than latex in several ways:
• Conduct heat better than latex, is not as sensitive to temperature and ultraviolet light.
• Less rigid storage requirements and a longer shelf life.
• Can be used with oil-based lubricants.
• Less allergenic than latex, and no odor.



FEMALE CONDOMS IS AVAILABLE!!! ^^
xxxxxxx

xxxxxxxThe female condom is inserted into the vagina using the closed-end ring. The other ring creates the open end of the condom. The sheath then lines the walls of the vagina creating a barrier between the sperm and the cervix. The female condom can be inserted up to 8 hours prior to intercourse. It should be removed immediately after sex.

xxxxxxxIf you think that you want double safer, so u came out an idea of wearing both male and female condom at the same time, then u are in TROUBLES!! Because they can get stuck together and cause one or the other to slip during intercourse!!


Is it Okay to reuse condom??

xxxxxxxNO NO NO!! A used condom should be thrown in the garbage. Once a condom is used, it cannot be reused. A new condom should be used each time you have sex and it must be used from start to finish every time you have sex to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).


Why condom is used with lubricants??

Lubricants

xxxxxxxLubricants are especially useful if your partner has vaginal dryness,
and will also help prevent wear and tear on the condom. The correct method of applying lubricants is to smear the lubricant on the outside of the condom after you have put the condom on.

xxxxxxxLatex condoms can only be used with water based lubricants, not oil based lubricants such as Vaseline as they will tear the latex, reducing the strength of the condom by up to 95% in 15 minutes. People who are allergic to latex can choose to use polyurethane condoms instead.



Example of oil base lubricants:
• Baby oil
• Cooking oil
• Body lotion
• Bath oil
• Hand cream
• Suntan oil
• Petroleum jelly (Vaseline)
• Hair conditioner

Polyurethane condoms are thinner than latex condoms which increase sensitivity and are more delightful in “feel”. But they are more expensive and more lubrication needed due to the less flexibility. However both oil and water based lubricants can be used with them.

Spermicide

xxxxxxxSpermicides immobilize and kill the sperm before they are able to
swim into the uterus. Spermicides come in several different forms such as cream, gel, and foam. Most spermicides contain nonoxynol-9, a chemical that kills sperm. Spermicides can be used alone but are more effective when used with another method of birth control, such as a condom.



Side effect of nonoxynol-9 (N-9)

xxxxxxxNonoxynol-9 is a non-ionic nonoxynol surfactant that is used as an

ingredient in various cleaning and cosmetic products, but is also widely used as a contraceptive for its spermicidal properties.

· increase the risk of HIV transmission if used frequently

· low effect in preventing pregnancy

· short lifespan

· may cause urinary tract infection in women

· cause cervical cancer

· cause gonorrhoea, chlamydia

N-9

How are Condoms Tested?

xxxxxxxThe more common of all tests is testing empty condoms which
nvolve putting water in them. A condom is filled with 10 ounces of water and is checked for leaks.

xxxxxxxElectrical conductance test is a test given to a condom to see it if blocks electricity. It is a non-destructive test. An intact condom should not allow electricity to pass through it.

xxxxxxxThe tensile test, also known as the stretch test, entails slicing a cross-section band from a condom and verifying its elasticity and strength.

xxxxxxxAnother destructive test is the airburst test. It involves the inflation of the strength is determined by the maximum volume of air tolerated by it.

Condom leak testing with water

Condom Testing!! (Joking) ^^

How to dispose used condom? Flush down to the toilet??

xxxxxxNO NO NO!! Never flush the condom to the toilet!! All condoms have to be
disposed by wrapping in tissue and throwing them in the bin. Condoms should not be flushed into the toilet as they may cause blockages in the sewage system.

xxxxxxxLatex is a natural substance made form rubber trees, but because of the added ingredients most latex condoms are not biodegradable.

xxxxxxxPolyurethane condoms are made from plastic and are not biodegradable. Biodegradable latex condoms are available from some manufacturers.


Condoms can be used for decoration too!!

xxxxxxxCondom can be something else very creative and interesting besides
from functioning as a precaution device during sexual intercourse. For example, condom can be packed into a very delicate and sweet candy like packaging as a gift!! Or it can be used as fashion purposes, arrange and sew into a beautiful and elegant gown. I’m very sure you will get every1’s attention from wearing it and walk around!! TRY IT OUT!!

Candy-like packaging!! Delicious!!

Gown with Condommmmmmmmm!!

WOW, the lecturer is observing the special gown... !!